As the saying goes “Nothing is certain in life except death and tax.” It’s hardly possible to skip the verges of taxation in life. From the giants in Wall Street to anyone who has the purchasing ability from shop feels the hard pinch of tax either directly or indirectly. Different forms of tax make through to the pockets of every member of the society. For instance, whenever you drink tea or coffee in a café you pay Value Added Tax (VAT).
የጉዳዩ መነሻ
ለዚህ ጽሁፍ መነሻ የሆነኝ በመዝገብ ቁጥር 78398 በአቶ ሽፈራዉ ደጀኔ እና ወ/ሮ ጸሀይ ተስፋዬ በአንድ በኩልና በአቶ ሲሳይ አበቡ በሌላ በኩል በተደረገ ሙግት የፌዴራል ጠቅላይ ፍርድ ቤት ሰበር ችሎት ጥቅምት 19 2005 የሰጠዉ ዉሳኔ ነዉ፡፡ ጉዳዩ የተጀመረዉ በወረዳ ፍርድ ቤት በአቶ ሲሳይ አበቡ ከሳሽነትና በአቶ ሽፈራዉ ደጀኔ እና ወ/ሮ ጸሀይ ተስፋዬ ተከሳሽ ነዉ፡፡ ከሳሹ እንደሚለዉ በእሱና በተከሳሹ መካከል ሐምሌ 17 2003 የተቋቋመ የቤት ሽያጭ ዉል አለ፡፡
Ethiopia introduced a new Commercial Code in March 2021, replacing the Commercial Code of the Empire of Ethiopia Proclamation No. 166/1960 (the repealed Commercial Code) that governed business operations since 1960. Many factors necessitated the revision of the repealed Commercial Code, including the demand for responsible corporate management. In Ethiopia, the emergence of publicly held share companies and the rise in shareholders' demand to emphasize corporate management. The 1960 Ethiopian Commercial Code failed to provide an adequate legislative response to complex governance issues of the day. Consequently, the Federal government of Ethiopia introduced wide-ranging legal reforms as part of economic liberalization and modernization. However, the lack of up-to-date legal research and expert commentaries has remained a major challenge to adapt for practice and the judicial sector. This paper aims to uncover changes under the new Commercial Code of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Proclamation No. 1243/2021 (the FDRE Commercial Code) concerning the board of directors' composition, role, and accountability.
ሕገ መንግሥት በባሕርይው ጠቅላላ ድንጋጌዎችን የሚይዝ በመሆኑ፤ ሕገ መንግሥትን ከተለዋወጭ የፖለቲካ፣ ኢኮኖሚያዊ፣ እና ማኅበራዊ ሁኔታዎች ጋር ለመጣጣም እና ዘላቂነት ኖሮት ገዚ ሆኖ እንዲኖር ያስችል ዘንድ ማሻሻልን ይጠይቃል፡፡ ለዚህም ሲባል የተፃፉ ሕገ-መንግሥት ያላቸው ሀገራት በሕገ መንግሥታቸው ውስጥ ማሻሻያ ሥርዓቶችን ወይም ማስተካከያ የሚደረግበት ሂደት የሚደነግጉ አንቀጾችን አካተው ይይዛሉ፡፡ በ1987 ዓ.ም የወጣው የኢፌድሪ ሕገ መንግሥትም እንዴት እንደሚሻሻል የማሻሻያ ሥርዓቶቹን በአንቀጽ 104 እና 105 ስር ተደነግጎ ቢገኝም እስካሁን ድረስ ሥርዓቶቹን ተከትሎ ማሻሻያ ሳይደረግበት ቆይቷል።
ጠበቆች ከደንበኞቻቸው፣ ከፍርድ ቤት፣ ከፍትሕ ሥርዓት እና ከሌሎች የሥራ ባልደረቦች(ጠበቆች) ጋር ያላቸው ግንኙነት ለጥብቅና ሙያ ሥነ-ምግባር መሠረት ሲሆኑ እነዚህን ግንኙነቶች ጠንቅቆ መረዳት የጥብቅና ሙያ ኃላፊነትን በአግባቡ ለመረዳት ይረዳል።
ይህ ጽሑፍ ጠበቆች ከደንበኞቻቸው ጋር ያላቸውን ግንኙነት ለመረዳት የሚያስችል ስለደንበኞች ዓይነቶች ለመጠቆም የተዘጋጀ ነው። በዚህ ጽሑፍ የምድብ አንድ የደንበኛ ዓይነት “ጀማሪ ደንበኛ/ባለጉዳይ” የሚለውን ለማየት እንሞክራለን። ምንም እንኳን ሁሉም ደንበኞች ከዚህ በታች በተዘረዘሩት አራት ምድቦች ውስጥ በትክክል የሚገጣጠሙ ባይሆንም ደንበኞች ከሚያሳዩት ጸባይ እና ተነሳሽነት ደንበኞችን በአራት መመደብ ይችላል።
ጋብቻ የተፈጸመበት ስነ-ስርዓት ማናቸውም አይነት ቢሆንም የጋብቻ መፍረስ የሚያስከትለው ውጤት ተመሳሳይ ነው፡፡ ጋብቻ ከተጋቢዎቹ አንዱ ሲሞት ወይም በፍርድ ቤት የመጥፋት ውሳኔ ሲሰጥ ወይም ጋብቻ ለመፈጸም መሟላት ያለባቸው ሁኔታዎች አንዱ በመጣሱ ምክንያት በሕግ ጋብቻው እንዲፈርስ ሲወሰን ወይም የፍቺ ውሳኔ ሲሰጥ ሊፈርስ ይችላል፡፡
Walking in Addis Ababa is not safe for people with disabilities because the infrastructure is not constructed considering their needs. For example, it is very common to see uncovered drainage line holes, which are usually found on the sidewalks and have caused many. The visually impaired are especially vulnerable to accidents since, in addition to the drainage line holes being left open, the tactile sidewalks that are meant to guide them usually lead directly to the holes.
Traditional dresses are highly dignified among Ethiopians. It is very common to beautify traditional dresses with handwoven embroidery designs, locally referred to as Tibeb. Ethiopians wear traditional dresses decorated with handwoven Tibeb patterns also at important occasions such as religious ceremonies, wedding programs, funerals, public festivals and other cultural events.
Globalization and economic growth have driven inter-company transactions to new heights. It’s estimated that more than 2/3 of all business transactions worldwide occur within groups. In particular, developing countries are observing immense growth in intra-group transactions because their economies are still in the process of opening up and attracting large amounts of FDI. So, it’s of immense importance to halt challenges posed to both national & world economies through controlled transactions. In this article, I briefly discussed the conceptual introduction of transfer pricing, the arm’s length principle, transfer pricing methods recognized under OECD & UN transfer pricing guidelines, and Ethiopian tax law. Finally, I tried to address whether the Ethiopian Transfer pricing law & regulation accords or contradicts with OECD & UN transfer pricing manual.
አንድ ግብር ከፋይ በንግድ እንቅስቃሴው ያመነበትን ወስኖ ያቀረበውን የሂሣብ መግለጫዎችን የታክስ ባለስልጣኑ የግብር ኦዲት በመስራት ግብር ከፋዩ ሊከፍል የሚገባውን ግብር ይወስናል፡፡ በአገራችን የግብር አወሳሰን ዘዴዎች ሁለት ናቸው፡፡ እነዚህም በሂሳብ መዝገብ ወይም በግምት መሠረት ናቸው፡፡
ግብር ከፋዩ ለግብር አወሳሰን ያቀረበው የሂሳብ መዝገብ ሰነዶች ከተጣራ /ከተመረመረ/ በኋላ በመዝገቡ መሠረት ሊከፈል የሚገባው ግብር የሚወሰን ሲሆን፤ በሌላ በኩል የታክስ ባለሥልጣኑ ግብር ከፋዩ ሊከፍል የሚገባውን ግብር በግምት ሊወስን ይችላል፡፡